| The Centre of Biomedical
Ethics and Culture (CBEC) launched a year long Postgraduate Diploma (PGD)
in Biomedical Ethics in 2006. This was the first program to be offered
to healthcare related professionals in Pakistan. Forty one graduates of
the program are currently working in public and private sector institutions
involved in research and healthcare delivery services in the country.
The primary objective of the PGD program is to build bioethics capacity
in Pakistan. The aim is to develop a community of healthcare related professionals
with basic knowledge and skills in biomedical ethics, and to help them
initiate and sustain ethics related activities in education, clinical
practice, and research in their institutions.
The one year long program is specifically designed for busy healthcare
related professionals. It consists of three teaching modules held in CBEC
and spread over the academic year. The first module lasts 14 days whereas
the second and third modules are from 8 to 10 days long. The fourth and
last module includes a written examination and presentation of an “ethics
project” which the student will initiate and execute at the parent
institution as part of that institution, or in an individual capacity.
The PGD employs adult learning methodologies in the modules with an emphasis
on small group discussions rather than lectures. Movies and works of art
and literature, both Pakistani and international, are used to generate
discussions on various ethical themes. In the periods between the teaching
modules, distance learning strategies and assignments are used to continue
the education.
The course content of the program includes introduction to the basics
of moral thought, and the evolution of contemporary ethics pertaining
to biomedical research and clinical practice. Students are introduced
to Greek moral philosophy, religious traditions in ethics and morality,
linkages between law and ethics, and contemporary and emerging ethical
dilemmas. An important objective is to develop critical thinking about
the influence of culture, religious beliefs, legal frameworks, and socioeconomic
realities in shaping ethical values within societies. Teaching modules
also focus on developing ethics review committees, hospital ethics consultation
services, and educational programs for medical students, trainees, and
faculty and staff in institutions.
Students are expected to attend all teaching modules, and complete and
pass all assignments including those that are part of the distance learning
components of the program. To graduate, they must also pass two written
papers, and present and successfully defend a “bioethics project”
during the examination module.
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