Stone Disease

Stone disease is endemic in this part of the world and Pakistan sits in the middle of Afro- Asian stone belt.
More common in Punjab and Sindh.

Causes of Stone Disease

• Warm weather causing dehydration
• Poor nutrition
• Diarrhea in children
• Less intake of water
• Congenital malformations
• Familial
• Excessive intake of animal proteins

Prevention

Increase intake of boil water 2-3 liters a day
Lemon juice (1-2 lemons in a glass of water a day)
Least intake of (tea, coffee, tomatoas, black pepper)

Symptoms of Stone Disease

• Nausea and vomiting
• Burning in urination
• Blood in urine
• Difficulty in passing urine
• Increased frequency of urination

Treatment

ESWL Removal of stone with shock waves
(No incision, no anesthesia, day care
PCNL removal of stone through small hole, no big incision, no prolonged hospitalization.
Open Surgery (only 10% patients require big incision)
URS: endoscopic removal of uretaric stone. No incision, No hospitalization.
Cystolithotripsy: endoscopic removal of bladder stones {no incision No hospitalization).